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Surgeon General Report Summary Essay 1) Donna E. Shalala Secretary of Health and Human Services c) Summary of the surgeon general report in relation to: I. Benefits of physical activity Higher levels of regular physical activity are associated with lower mortality rates for both older and younger adults. Even those who are moderately active on a regular basis have lower mortality rates than those who are least active. Regular physical activity or cardio respiratory fitness decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality especially of coronary heart disease Regular physical activity prevents or delays the development of high blood pressure, and exercise reduces blood pressure in people with hypertension . Regular physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of colon cancer Regular physical activity lowers the risk of developing non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Regular physical activity is necessary for maintaining normal muscle strength, joint structure, and joint function. It’s also suitable for people suffering from osteoarthritis Weight-bearing physical activity is essential for normal skeletal development during childhood and adolescence and for achieving and maintaining peak bone mass in young adults. This prevents development of osteoporosis during old age Strength training and other forms of exercise in older adults preserve the ability to maintain independent living status and reduce the risk of falling. Physical activity affects body fat distribution. Low levels of activity, results in fewer kilocalories used than consumed hence lead to obesity. Physical activity appears to relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety and improve mood. This reduces the risk of developing depression Physical activity improves health-related quality of life by enhancing psychological well-being and by improving physical functioning in persons compromised by poor health. II. Age based physical activity recommendations III. Gender based physical recommendations IV. School based physical activity recommendations V. Recommendations related to FITTO principle